In western European bagpipes the chanter typically is conically bored and sounded by a double reed drones are cylindrical with single reeds, as in bagpipes found elsewhere. The Bulgarian gaida and the Czecho-Polish dudy ( koza) have a single chanter, and in the dudy, the chanter and drone each carry a huge cowhorn bell. There is also a separate bass drone tuned, like most bass drones, two octaves below the chanter keynote. Other double chanters in eastern Europe (Serbia, Hungary, Ukraine, and elsewhere) are made of a single piece of wood with two cylindrical bores (as in cane pipes) and single reeds of cane or elder. Most have cowhorn bells, being bag versions of hornpipes they are found in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, the Aegean, the Caucasus, and among the Mari of Russia. Bagpipes have always been folk instruments, but after the 15th century some were used for court music, and others have survived as military instruments.įor the chanter, two single-reed cane pipes are placed parallel, one pipe often sounding a drone or other accompaniment to the other pipe. In the earliest ones the bag is typically a bladder or a whole sheepskin or goatskin, minus the hindquarters later, two pieces of skin were cut to shape and sewn together. The sound is continuous to articulate the melody and to reiterate notes the piper employs gracing-i.e., rapidly interpolated notes outside the melody, giving an effect of detached notes.īagpipes were alluded to in Europe as early as the 9th century earlier evidence is scarce but includes four Latin and Greek references of about ad 100 and, possibly, an Alexandrian terra-cotta of about 100 bc (at Berlin). Melodies are played on the finger holes of the melody pipe, or chanter, while the remaining pipes, or drones, sound single notes tuned against the chanter by means of extendable joints. The pipes are held in wooden sockets (stocks) tied into the bag, which is inflated either by the mouth (through a blowpipe with a leather nonreturn valve) or by bellows strapped to the body. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!īagpipe, wind instrument consisting of two or more single- or double-reed pipes, the reeds being set in motion by wind fed by arm pressure on an animal-skin (or rubberized-cloth) bag.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.
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